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Steel is an alloy composed mainly of iron and carbon, the latter in a percentage not exceeding 2.06%.
The importance of steel is enormous, its uses are innumerable, as are the varieties in which it is produced: without the availability of steel in quantity and at low cost, the industrial revolution would not have been possible.
Over time, steel production techniques have been perfected and diversified, so nowadays there are many types of steel, each relating to different design and market needs.
Based on the amount of carbon, steels are divided into:
· Extra sweet: carbon between 0.05% and 0.15%;
Sweets: carbon between 0.15% and 0.25%;
_Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_semidolci: carbon between 0.25% and 0.40%;
_Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_semiduri: carbon between 0.40% and 0.60%;
_Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_duri: carbon between 0.60% and 0.70%;
· _Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_very hard: carbon between 0.70% and 0.80%;
_Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_extraduri: carbon between 0.80% and 0.85%.
PRODUCTION
The industrial steel process begins with the extraction of metal ores containing iron (which is not found in its pure state in nature) from quarries or mines.
As with many metals, the extracted minerals are crushed and subsequently ground. These are washed from dust and impurities and categorized according to the concentration of the metals contained by magnetic or gravitational separation.
Then follow the operations of flottazione, vagliatura, _cc781905-5cde-3194-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_calibriccazione-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_calibriccazione-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_vagliatura, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d bb3b-136bad5cf58d_calcination e roasting of minerals.
At this point the iron ores have been cleaned of most of the impurities and are ready to be melted in the altiforni.
On leaving the blast furnace, the cast iron still has a high carbon content, normally higher than 4%, therefore, in the liquid state, it is sent and treated in special structures (converters), and here it is decarburized; carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
During the entire refining process of the cast iron in steel, which takes place with different techniques, temperatures close to 1750 ° C are touched. In this process it is not necessary to supply large quantities of heat, as the oxidation reactions of carbon, manganese, iron and above all silicon, with the formation of the relative oxides, are exothermic and allow the process to self-feed.
After refining, the steel is cast into ingots, using different techniques.
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USES
Steel has a significantly higher resistance than any other material used in the production of windows and doors, which allows the creation of products with the use of reduced thickness profiles. It can also be accompanied by thermal break elements which ensure energy performance in accordance with the requirements of comfort and regulations.
All types of window and door frames can be made, especially large ones, and glass structures limited by imagination alone.
